Constitution of India: A Complete Book in Tamil PDF with 12 Schedules and 395 Articles
Article 1 to 395 in Tamil PDF Download
If you are a citizen of India, you should know about the Constitution of India, which is the supreme law of the country. The Constitution lays down the framework for the political system, government institutions, fundamental rights, directive principles, and duties of citizens. It also defines the relationship between the union and the states, as well as between different organs of the government.
The Constitution of India consists of 22 parts, containing 395 articles and 12 schedules. Each part deals with a specific aspect of governance, such as citizenship, fundamental rights, directive principles, union executive, union legislature, judiciary, finance, trade, services, elections, emergency provisions, etc. These articles cover various topics that affect your life as an Indian citizen, such as equality, liberty, justice, democracy, secularism, federalism, etc.
article 1 to 395 in tamil pdf download
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As a citizen of India, it is your duty to read and understand the Constitution of India. However, if you are not comfortable with English or Hindi languages, you may find it difficult to comprehend the legal terms and concepts used in the Constitution. That is why you may want to download Article 1 to 395 in Tamil PDF format. Tamil is one of the official languages of India and one of the classical languages of the world. It is spoken by millions of people in Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia, and other countries. By reading Article 1 to 395 in Tamil PDF format, you can learn about your rights and responsibilities as an Indian citizen in your own mother tongue.
In this article, we will tell you how you can download Article 1 to 395 in Tamil PDF format from online and offline sources. We will also give you a brief overview of each part of the Constitution that contains Article 1 to 395. So let us begin.
Article 1 to 395 in the Indian Constitution
As we mentioned earlier, Article 1 to 395 are divided into 22 parts in the Indian Constitution. Each part has a specific theme and contains several articles related to that theme. Here is a brief summary of each part that contains Article 1 to 395 in the Indian Constitution.
Part I: The Union and Its Territory (Article 1 to 4)
This part defines India as a union of states and specifies the names and territories of the states and union territories. It also gives the power to Parliament to admit new states, establish new union territories, or change the boundaries, names, or areas of existing states and union territories by law. Some of the important articles in this part are:
Article 1: Name and territory of the Union
Article 2: Admission or establishment of new States
Article 3: Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States
Article 4: Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters
Part II: Citizenship (Article 5 to 11)
This part deals with the citizenship of India and lays down the criteria for acquiring or losing citizenship. It also gives the power to Parliament to make laws regarding citizenship by naturalization, registration, incorporation of territory, or any other matter. Some of the important articles in this part are:
Article 5: Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution
Article 6: Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan
Article 7: Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan
Article 8: Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India
Article 9: Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens
Article 10: Continuance of the rights of citizenship
Article 11: Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law
Part III: Fundamental Rights (Article 12 to 35)
This part guarantees six categories of fundamental rights to all citizens and some rights to all persons. These rights are essential for the dignity and freedom of individuals and are enforceable by the courts. They are also subject to reasonable restrictions and exceptions by the state in the interest of public order, morality, security, etc. Some of the important articles in this part are:
Article 12: Definition of the State
Article 13: Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights
Article 14: Equality before law
Article 15: Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth
Article 16: Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
Article 17: Abolition of Untouchability
Article 18: Abolition of titles
Article 19: Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.
Article 20: Protection in respect of conviction for offences
Article 21: Protection of life and personal liberty
Article 21A: Right to education
Article 22: Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases
Article 23: Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour
Article 24: Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.
Article 25: Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion
Article 26: Freedom to manage religious affairs
Article 27: Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion
Article 28: Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions
Article 29: Protection of interests of minorities
Article 30: Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions
Article 31: [Repealed]
Article 31A: Saving of laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc.
Article 31B: Validation of certain Acts and Regulations
Article 31C: Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles
Article 32: Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part
Article 33: Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etc.
Article 34: Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area
Article 35: Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part
Part IV: Directive Principles of State Policy (Article 36 to 51)
This part contains the principles and guidelines for the state to ensure social, economic, and political justice for all citizens. These principles are not enforceable by the courts, but are fundamental in the governance of the country. They aim to create a welfare state that promotes the common good and the dignity of individuals. Some of the important articles in this part are:
Article 36: Definition
Article 37: Application of the principles contained in this Part
Article 38: State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people
Article 39: Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State
Article 39A: Equal justice and free legal aid
Article 40: Organisation of village panchayats
Article 41: Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases
Article 42: Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief
Article 43: Living wage, etc., for workers
Article 43A: Participation of workers in management of industries
Article 44: Uniform civil code for the citizens
Article 45: Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years
Article 46: Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections
Article 47: Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health
Article 48: Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry
Article 48A: Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life
Article 49: Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance
Article 50: Separation of judiciary from executive
Article 51: Promotion of international peace and security
Part IVA: Fundamental Duties (Article 51A)
This part was added by the 42nd Amendment Act in 1976. It lists ten duties that are imposed on every citizen by the Constitution. These duties are intended to promote patriotism, national unity, social harmony, environmental protection, scientific temper, etc. They are also meant to complement the fundamental rights and directive principles. The ten duties are:
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